MORFOLOGI (AL -SHORF) KLASIK: Analisis Derivasi Kata Dalam Kitab Al-Syafiyah Karya Ibnu Al-Hajib

Abstract

This study aims to examine the concept of classical morphology (al-sharf) through the analysis of word derivation (isytiqāq) in Al-Syafiyah by Ibn Al-Hajib. This study is motivated by the importance of understanding classical Arabic linguistic thought, which became the foundation for the development of Arabic morphological theory, particularly regarding the relationship between word transformation (ṣīghah), morphological patterns (wazan), and changes in meaning. The research problems focus on how the concept of morphology (al-sharf) is explained in Al-Syafiyah, what forms of word derivation are discussed by Ibn Al-Hajib, and how the changes in word patterns relate to the meanings produced. This study employs a qualitative approach using a library research design. The data were collected through documentation techniques, with the primary source being Al-Syafiyah fi ‘Ilm al-Taṣrīf by Ibn Al-Hajib, supported by relevant scientific literature on Arabic morphology. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis through the stages of identification, classification, interpretation, and conclusion drawing regarding the concepts and examples of word derivation found in the text. The findings reveal that the al-sharf system in Al-Syafiyah is constructed through three main aspects: word transformation (taṣrīf), morphological patterns (awzān), and derivational processes (isytiqāq) that function to produce word variations and semantic changes. This study confirms that Ibn Al-Hajib’s linguistic thought remains relevant to modern morphological studies, particularly in understanding the Arabic root-pattern system. The findings contribute theoretically to the development of Arabic linguistic studies and practically to the teaching of sharf and the study of classical Arabic linguistic texts.