Klasifikasi Qirā’āt Perspektif Ulama Ulumul Qur’an: Mutawātir, Masyhūr, Āḥād, Mawḍū‘, Syādzdzah, dan Mudraj
Keywords:
Qira’ah, Mutawatir Qira’ah, Mashhur Qira’ah, Ahad Qira’ah, Shādh Qira’ah, Mawdū’ Qira’ah, Mudraj Qira’ahAbstract
Qira’ah is one of the important fields in Ulumul Qur’an that deals with the various readings of the Qur’an transmitted through specific chains of narration. Understanding the different types of qira’ah is necessary to distinguish between readings that are accepted as part of the Qur’an and those that are not. This study aims to examine the definition of qira’ah, the requirements for the acceptance of an authentic qira’ah, and the characteristics and status of mutawatir, mashhur, ahad, shādh, mawdū’, and mudraj qira’ah. This study employs a library research method by examining relevant literature on Ulumul Qur’an and qira’ah studies. The results show that an authentic qira’ah must fulfill three conditions: conformity with the rules of the Arabic language, conformity with the Uthmani rasm of the Qur’anic manuscripts, even if only potentially, and possession of an authentic chain of transmission. Based on the classification examined, mutawatir qira’ah is transmitted through a chain that reaches the level of mutawatir, while mashhur qira’ah has an authentic chain of transmission but does not reach the level of mutawatir. Meanwhile, ahad, shādh, mawdū‘, and mudraj qira’ah have different characteristics and statuses based on their chains of transmission, conformity with the rasm, Arabic linguistic rules, and transmission. The accepted variations of qira’ah also provide benefits by expanding the range of meanings, facilitating recitation for the Muslim community, and demonstrating the richness of the Arabic language and the miraculous nature of the Qur’an.
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