Historical Analysis of Political Verses in the Qur'an: A Study on Leadership, Justice, and Consultation During the Medina Period
Keywords:
Political Verses, Historical Approach, Leadership, Shura, Justice.Abstract
This study examines political verses in the Qur'an through a historical approach, focusing on leadership, consultation (shura), and justice. The Qur'an contains various political principles that have become the foundation of Islamic governance. However, understanding these verses requires attention to their historical context of revelation to avoid textual and ahistorical interpretations. This research employs a qualitative library research method using historical and thematic interpretation approaches. Primary sources include the Qur'an and classical and contemporary tafsir literature, while secondary sources consist of books and journal articles related to Islamic political thought. The findings reveal that political verses in the Qur'an were revealed in response to concrete social and political conditions faced by the Muslim community. The concepts of leadership, consultation, and justice were introduced not merely as theological doctrines but as practical principles for organizing society. A historical approach demonstrates that the Qur'an provides universal ethical values rather than a rigid political system. Therefore, the implementation of Qur'anic political principles may vary according to social and historical contexts while maintaining the fundamental values of justice, accountability, and public welfare.
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