Integration of TPACK in PAI Learning in the Digital Age: A Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to comprehensively examine the integration of the TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge) framework in learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in the digital era through a literature review approach. The focus of the study includes three main aspects: the form of integration of technological, pedagogical, and content elements in Islamic Education learning; supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation; and the impact of the integration on the learning process and outcomes. The analysis shows that the integration of TPACK in PAI learning is done through the utilization of interactive digital media, online learning platforms, and innovative pedagogical approaches adapted to the religious context through models in each TPACK framework. Supporting factors include teacher competence, adequate infrastructure, and institutional policy support, while barriers include limited ICT training, resistance to technology, and inequality of digital access. TPACK integration has a positive impact on improving learning effectiveness, learner engagement, and the relevance of PAI materials to the needs of the times. This study recommends the need for continuous training and systemic support to strengthen the implementation of TPACK in religious education in the digital era.