Pendekatan Lughowi dan Bayani dalam Mengurai Ambiguitas Ayat-Ayat Musytarak dan Mutaradif

Abstract

Ambiguity of meaning in Qur’anic verses may arise from lexical expressions that carry more than one possible meaning (musytarak) or from expressions that have closely related meanings (mutaradif). This phenomenon requires a linguistic approach that considers not only the lexical meaning of an expression but also the context and linguistic structure through which meaning is conveyed. This study aims to examine the role of lughowi and bayani approaches in resolving semantic ambiguity in Qur’anic verses containing musytarak and mutaradif, as well as to explore their relevance to the understanding of the linguistic inimitability of the Qur’an. This research employs a library research method with linguistic and bayani approaches. The primary data consist of Qur’anic verses containing phenomena of musytarak and mutaradif, while supporting data are obtained from Arabic linguistic works, Qur’anic studies, exegetical works, rhetoric literature, and relevant previous studies. The analysis is conducted by examining lexical meanings, word roots, grammatical structures, textual contexts, as well as aspects of nazm and rhetorical expression. The findings indicate that the lughowi approach functions to identify the possible meanings of a lexical expression based on the characteristics of the Arabic language, while the bayani approach helps determine and clarify the intended nuances of meaning through context, linguistic arrangement, and rhetorical purposes. The two approaches complement each other, allowing seemingly ambiguous meanings to be understood more systematically. Therefore, the phenomena of musytarak and mutaradif do not merely demonstrate linguistic diversity but also reveal the precision of lexical choice and linguistic composition in the Qur’an as an aspect of its linguistic inimitability.