Socio-Historical Approach in Qur’anic Studies: Tribal Structure, Trade Systems, and Religious Beliefs in Pre-Islamic Arabia. Al-Mashadir [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 2 [cited 2026 Jul. 18];2(1):50-62. Available from: https://albaayaninstitute.org/index.php/al-mashadir/article/view/706